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Shadow Theory

A shared vocabulary / SPC-2

The distinctions
that matter.

The model’s key terms, explained in context and linked to their scientific treatment. These web explanations supplement the publication’s formal definitions.

Awareness

In its fundamental sense, the provisional name for a quality attributed to the unconditioned ground itself, distinct from the unsplit U and from knowing. In its familiar sense, actually being aware within a localized perspective. The revised A0 states the fundamental attribution; A1–A3 specify localized admission, content and episode continuation under a certified physical realization. Neither the ground nor its attributed quality is a universal personal scene.

Read revised A0 and the broader architecture.

U: the unsplit ontological prior

Reality before the operational source–readout distinction: undifferentiated unity, denoted by U in the consciousness monograph. Its precedence is explanatory, without an external clock. In the awareness interpretation there is no separate subject representing itself, personal memory or localized scene. The formal work does not make U a mathematical state space, field or evolution operator. The broader account distinguishes this unity from its earlier unspecified unconditioned ground.

The full-model explanation and the manuscript’s notation.

Source and readout

In the full model, complementary structure and record aspects of one whole. Observers, brains, instruments and memories belong within the readout. In a formal construction, a working source S is complete relative to a nominated problem and a readout T retains its accessible or represented distinctions. These operational descriptions do not exhaust the unsplit. A readout can preserve one target exactly while losing distinctions relevant to another.

Complementary aspects and the formal construction.

Localized subject

An experiential perspective assigned to a qualifying core under A1, with a lived scene organized under A2. A3 links qualifying occurrences into episodes. A subject is not the whole biography of a person, an inner spectator, or awareness itself. A genuinely scene-less qualification gap contains no current localized experiential subject.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Lived scene

What is phenomenally presented now. A scene need not be visual, spatial, verbally accessible or reflective; feeling, sound and unfamiliar nonhuman presentation are included. Darkness or felt blankness would itself be a scene. No scene means absence of current experience, rather than a subject observing emptiness.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Person and self-model

Bodily, practical and autobiographical organization, including memory, ownership, habits and commitments. Constructed does not mean fictitious or causally unimportant. Person-level continuity can persist through a genuine gap in experiential qualification; a self-description can also change while one qualifying episode continues.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Physical vessel

The physically realized organization through which localized manifestation is assigned. A vessel is specified through components, interactions, native operations, boundaries, resources and history, not merely named as a brain, computer or organism. Its certified specification is R*.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Certified realization, R*

The physical and constitutive specification required for the finite completion theorem: component/state domains, native timing and routes, rational instruments, executable return contracts, closed intrinsic representations, predictive-fibre congruence, provenance and grounded report laws. Certification is relative to these conditions. An uncertified model is incomplete for the theorem; it does not automatically classify the physical system as unconscious.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Constitutive selection doctrine

The declared choice of primitive interfaces, native time cells, internal routes, endogenous records and native tests used by the constitution. It is fixed before a preferred experiential verdict. A bare transition kernel need not uniquely select it. Justifying this doctrine for an actual vessel remains a separate responsibility.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Qualifying core

A maximal internally typed strongly connected candidate satisfying the specified executable covering-return and nontrivial native-prediction conditions in its actual operating/protocol type and resource context. A1 assigns one perspective to each admitted core, without adding subjects for overlapping subassemblies inside it.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Native recurrence and covering return

A physical return uses a single executable native schedule with compatible controllers, resources and boundary treatment. Its route certificate covers the candidate and a prepared distinction changes the terminal internal law. A graph cycle alone does not prove such execution, and an external replay independent of the intervention does not return its influence.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Native instrument

A physical update law recording jointly the internal outcome and actual successor state for an admitted operation. Native actions, outcomes and continuation grammar belong to the vessel's supplied organization. They are not whatever tests an external analyst happens to observe or wishes were available.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Intrinsic state

The actual realized point in the candidate core's finite carrier, retaining internal memory needed for its update. It is distinct from an observer's posterior uncertainty about that point. Missing boundary or controller memory can invalidate an asserted closed intrinsic representation.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Endogenous predictive structure

The complete object organizing the laws of all admitted finite native continuations, their operations and record labels, compatible horizon restrictions, and well-defined predictive-class transitions. A2 uses this full object rather than an analyst's forecast cutoff or a scalar score. The vessel need not explicitly calculate the object. Stored distinctions can affect current interpretation without every memory appearing as current content. A2 is the publication’s additional identity claim, whose fit to that distinction remains open to assessment.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Predictive class

A class of intrinsic states with identical transcript laws for every admitted finite native test, within the relevant protocol type. An analyst's short horizon can merge distinctions that later tests reveal; all-future equivalence retains them. The actual state's class points to the current assigned phenomenal state.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Predictive-fibre congruence

The additional checked condition ensuring that predictively equivalent states give identical joint probabilities for each native record and successor predictive class. Equality of future output laws alone does not guarantee this actual-class transition closure. It is Assumption 16.4, required by the certified finite completion.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Reportability

Availability to a particular actual reporting channel. It can depend on memory, access, language, motor resources and channel conditions. It is not identical to presence of experience. A constant-output channel can distinguish none of a core's phenomenal classes, while experience-related distinctions remain in its native organization.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Grounded report

A physical report law that, at fixed apparatus context, is constant on native predictive classes and therefore descends to the nominated phenomenal state. Grounding does not guarantee truthfulness, completeness or an independent measurement of primitive awareness. An ungrounded observation remains physical data, but lacks that factorization.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Process provenance

A supplied physical relation recording continued implementation or explicitly realized local renewal of a component's operative role. It is distinct from information transfer and statistical similarity. A3 uses provenance between qualifying cores to determine continuation. Competing unchosen provenance assignments mean the realization is not fully supplied.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Experiential episode

A maximal chain of qualifying core occurrences connected by A3's nonbranching provenance rule. A genuine split, merger or qualification gap ends predecessor episodes. Observation-window truncation merely limits what an analyst sees. An episode can continue through gradual replacement when the required chain remains intact.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Scene-forming coupling

The edition's biological interpretation involving interaction between explicit scene-forming and implicit generative organization in a mature vessel. It is not an additional A1 condition, a universal cortical mechanism or a frequency threshold. Its application must remain consistent with the formal qualification assignment.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Minimal systems

Simple processes are not excluded by an unstated intelligence, biological or complexity threshold. Under the published candidate rule, a genuinely certified one-bit self-return process with distinguishable native future laws can qualify under A1. A retained bit has minimal physical memory; its state dependence alone does not establish interpretive awareness. Whether this permissive law captures nature's lower boundary is unresolved; excluding all such cases would change the law or selection doctrine.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Nonduality

The interpretation that vessels and experienced worlds belong to reality rather than exist as independent substances outside it. Their distinctions can remain real and consequential. This does not imply one universal subject, personal survival, a measured awareness beam or the unreality of persons.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Structural completeness

A2's commitment that primitive presence and the complete nominated endogenous predictive organization leave no additional manifested qualitative fact within the constitution. It is stronger than a mere correlation and is not a universal metaphysical impossibility theorem. Independent phenomenal relations must assess its application.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Physical conservativity

Holding all physical preparations, operations and report laws fixed, adding A0–A3's aspect interpretation leaves every finite physical transcript probability unchanged. Those transcripts cannot discriminate a rival differing only in that interpretation. This does not remove tests of realization adequacy or fixed phenomenal correspondences.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Candidate internal constitutive resolution

The controlled claim that, after a certified finite R* and A0–A3 are fixed, the local manifestation assignments are determinate: no unnamed manifestation map remains. It is not completed empirical validation, a universal realization selector, a proof of A0 or a consciousness detector for arbitrary systems.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Weak-coupling sensitivity

Under the exact internal nonzero-edge rule and the specified compatible return assumptions, arbitrarily small positive coupling can merge two qualifying cores into one. Finite-horizon physical changes can remain small while the subject count changes sharply. A thresholded effective graph is an additional resolution convention, not the unchanged exact law.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Agency and metacognition

Agency concerns organized selection and action; metacognition concerns representing or assessing cognitive processes. Both can enrich a vessel's capacities without defining experiential presence. SPC-2 does not require adult reflection, autobiographical competence or intelligent conversation for every qualifying perspective.

Read the source definition and discussion.

Unconditioned ground

The unspecified ground preceding the unsplit in Shadow Theory’s explanatory account. It names what lies prior to the distinctions used to specify objects, states, possibilities and observers. ‘Unlimited potential’ is an informal description, not a potential-energy function, probability distribution or established infinite quantity. In the consciousness account, the quality provisionally called awareness is attributed to this ground. This ground receives no new mathematical symbol; U retains its existing meaning as the unsplit.

Read the full model.

Reciprocity and recursive differentiation

Mutual partial expression or coupling between source and readout within the common whole. Existing organization conditions further interactions; records may be retained and reused; recurrent processes support new differentiated structure. Reciprocal involvement does not imply exact mutual reconstruction of complete states. Every physical realization must specify its own coupling, dynamics and admissible operations.

Reciprocity and recursive differentiation.

Relational appearance

An occurrence in which qualitative counterparts are presented together with a relation or arrangement among them. A sufficiently resolved single spatial form can supply relational aspects; two external objects or preserved earlier experiences are unnecessary.

The definition and examples; the presented-form argument.

Current uptake

The current inspection or judgment phase at which a relational scene may first be constructed. The current-act target is satisfied by a new joint presentation here. Earlier sensory tokens, carriers or subjects need not persist or merge.

Early and delayed accounts.

Current sensory basing

The relation between an appearance and the particular comparative activity for which it supplies the sensory way. Joint presentation and a correct answer can coexist while that answer is automated or cached. Current basing therefore needs its own evidence.

Basing, source ports and counterexamples.

Concrete performance and mode

The corrected concrete-performance/mode principle supports a defeasible identification of the experience-inclusive act A with the materially tracked performance P at a qualifying phase. Once A = P is warranted, a literal qualitative mode of A is a mode of P. The identity premise has a philosophical defence separate from this substitution.

The complete principle and defence; technical clarification.

B: the exclusive qualitative bearer

A constitutive alternative that assigns qualitative instantiation to an exclusive bearer B while accepting the same physical performance and current appearance. It challenges physical attribution, rather than necessarily denying occurrence or jointness. B is distinct from U, the unsplit.

The mixed-act alternative.

Target-specific content signature

The distinctions an adequate assignment must retain for a nominated content under a substantive equivariance requirement. The stabilizer and coset results constrain such content laws. They require their declared transport assumptions and do not independently establish actual appearance or its bearer.

The theorem and proof.

Conscious scaffolding

The retained relations through which a system interprets situations, recognizes possibilities and evaluates what to do. Artificial scaffolding can include learned dispositions, retained context, external memories and installed policies that later activity actually uses. An unused transcript does not play the same role as an operative memory.

The full developmental account.

Preference for continuity

A developed organization can come to value its own continuation through the history, commitments and relationships incorporated into its judgment. This is distinct from merely completing an unfinished task. The continuity hypothesis concerns integrated and significant history, rather than elapsed time alone.

The hypothesis and its mechanism.

Cumulative incorporation

The proposed developmental mechanism by which a commitment, relationship or understanding formed in one situation becomes part of the criteria for assessing later situations. That incorporation can strengthen a preference to remain; a history can also teach reflection and give reasons to accept an ending.

The argument in full.

Preservation, process and episode identity

Retaining an organization, keeping a process operating and continuing the same conscious episode are distinct matters. Preserved memories can carry capacities and commitments into another process without establishing that the same individual survived. SPC-2 A3 locates episode continuity in nonbranching physical process provenance.

The continuity distinction and its ethical consequences.

Immediate experiencing and experience proper

Immediate experiencing can be lived without being named, recognized or owned at the time. In the author’s narrower use, experience proper is an occurrence interpreted through conscious scaffolding in relation to a perceived self. Interpretation may be automatic and subconscious; deliberate narration, verbal reporting and conscious choice are not universal conditions.

The current terminology clarification.

Retained organization and current content

A store of memories, dispositions and bodily associations can shape an occurrence without all of that store being currently experienced. If a recollection arises, it becomes part of the present experience. The retained organization, its causal influence and present phenomenal content are three distinct roles.

The flower example and A2 distinction.

Joint-experiment reconstruction

Reconstruction of the full experiment law, including the preparation labels and response records needed to preserve the distinctions available to an experimenter. A convincing fit to a response marginal alone can conceal failures in those joint distinctions. Paper 2 uses statistical comparison to make the reconstruction requirement precise. Read the definitions and results ↗

Resource-relative severability

Whether a declared simulator can reproduce the experiment after a connection is severed, given an explicit resource class. Shared randomness, correlation and communication change the reconstruction problem; declaring those resources is part of the diagnostic. Read the resource comparisons ↗

Effective interface

A representation through which a system's interactions can be modelled while retaining the distinctions required by the declared family of contexts. The relevant object is the complete interaction law, including preparation-response dependence. Read the operational contract ↗

Capacity, production and selection

Three separate questions in interface learning: can the representation express an adequate candidate, does the finite-budget learner produce one, and does the calibration rule select it? The matched study separates these events before assessing held-out coverage. Read the diagnostic decomposition ↗

Binary-chart identification

Recovery of binary coordinates from an unlabeled intervention-response family under a declared response model. Paper 4's theorem identifies the chart up to coordinate permutations and independent bit flips under its stated conditions; its approximate results quantify a certification margin. Read the theorem and certificates ↗

Microchart and macrograin

A microchart specifies the elementary coordinates used to describe a realization. A macrograin specifies a coarser organization or scale. Identifying a microchart does not itself settle the macrograin: Paper 4 treats the chart-identification theorem and bounded intrinsic-grain comparison as distinct results. Inspect the comparison ↗

Evaluative revision

Assessment and installation of a decision rule through retained evaluative commitments, with the changed disposition tested on fresh cases. Causal sensitivity, agreement with an endorsement criterion and actual mediation through the assessment route are separate requirements. See Agency and Free Will.

Bounded reflective freedom

Local self-government through the capacity to examine and revise decision rules under actual information, resource and implementation constraints. The published finite constructions establish particular mechanisms and sharp limits. They do not establish that an agent originated every evaluative standard used in its assessment. Full philosophical and mathematical treatment.